Antispam appliance

what is an appliance machine?
An Appliance is a machine that is built to handle a specific task.
There are all sort of Appliances.
We have Mail server, Anti virus, Firewall, VPN, Backup as well as Anti spam appliances. These are all machines (standard of custom fitted) installed with one objective in mind, namely to help the administrator to handle either mail, anti virus, firewall, VPN, Backup or Anti spam problems without forcing the administrator to install their own machines or programs.

Antispam appliance

Anti-spam appliances are hardware devices integrated with on-board software that implement anti-spam techniques (e-mail) and deployed at the gateway or in front of the mail server. They are normally driven by an operating system optimized for spam filtering. They are generally used in larger networks such as companies and corporations, ISPs, universities, etc.

Reasons anti-spam appliances might be selected instead of software could include:

• The customer prefers to buy hardware rather than software
• Ease of installation
• Operating system requirements (e.g. company policy requires Linux, but software is not available under this OS)
• Independence of existing hardware

Here are some of the items that you should check before taking a decision.

• Price of appliance
• Support. If you have a appliance machine, then you would probably want support. check to see to what extent the organization where you buy the anti-spam appliance can fulfill your need for support.
• Track record for the company developing the appliance. Financial stability, trustworthiness.
• Performance. How much throughput do you need.
• What kind of redundancy or backup do you need.

Microsoft XPS

A document in the XPS document format is a paginated representation of electronic paper described in an XML-based format. The XPS document format is an open, cross-platform document format that allows customers to effortlessly create, share, print and archive paginated documents. XPS is the new document format that is the new print format for the enhanced Windows printing subsystem in Windows Vista.

XML digital Signature

Extensible Markup Language (XML) technology is now an integral part of web-based business applications. These applications require a fundamentally sound and secure infrastructure to meet the security requirements of confidentiality, endpoint authentication, message integrity, and nonrepudiation. XML signature, XML encryption, XML Key Management Specification (XKMS), Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), and XML Access Control Markup Language (XACML) are the XML security standards that define XML vocabularies and processing rules to meet these security requirements.

An XML signature would define a series of XML elements that could be embedded in, or otherwise affiliated with, any XML document. It would allow the receiver to verify that the message has not been modified from what the sender intended.

The XML-Signature Syntax and Processing specification was a joint effort of the W3C and the IETF. It's been an official W3C Recommendation since February 2002.

LINUX Kernel 2.6.x .xx compile

LINUX Kernel compile
This is only for people who have experienced with linux command and linux file structure.
-------------------------------
Linux Kernel 2.6.x... compiling step by step

step 1:

download the latest linux kernel from the internet

eg: www.kernel.org

step 2:

extract the archive file in to /usr/src

eg:
cp linux-2.6.17.tar_2.gz /usr/src
tar xzvf linux-2.6.17.tar_2.gz

step 3:
go to the extract directory and you can configure your kernel using following command

*in a command mode use

make menuconfig

*in graphical interface

make xconfig or make gconfig

step 4:

configre your kernel,according to your machine configuration;

step 5:

after that do the following commad

make modules
make modules_install
make bzImage

you can do this by one line

step 6:
create initial ram disk file using follwing command

mkinitrd -o /boot/initrd.img-2.6.1x.x-386 2.6.x.x

-or-


mkinitramfs -o /boot/initrd.img-2.6.1x.x-386 2.6.1x-386

if you want to see the created initrd.img file, type following command-

zcat /boot/initrd.img-2.6.17.4-386 |cpio --list

step 7:

now you must in the kernel source folder

do the following command(linux version must be changed according to the your version)

cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.17.4

cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.17.4-386

cp .config /boot/config-2.6.17.4-386

step 8:

now you have finished compiling kernel & some of the configuration

step 9:
edit your menu.lst file

vi /boot/grub/menu.lst

here you must give a path to new kernel & name and the imagefile

step 10:

reboot your system

do your work with new kernel version.

create your own grub splash Image using GIMP graphic tool

create your own grub splash Image using GIMP graphic tool


step 1:

design a image you want to use a your grub splash Image using GIMP

step 2:

convert it mode into index mode
eg:goto image menu and

image---->Mode--->indexed

change the Maximum number of colors value into 14

and press ok


step 3:

save Your image any image format (eg:imagename.png)

step 4:

now chage your image into xpm.gz mode

eg :

convert yourImage.png ImageName.xpm.gz
command:
root@danu:~# convert imagename.png imagename.xpm.gz
(to use thie convert command you have to install imagemagik lib )


step 5:


copy your image into boot folder

cp imagename.xpm.gz /boot/grub

step 6:

edit your menu.lst file

add this line into your menu.lst file

splashimage=(hd0,2)/boot/grub/imagename.xpm.gz

(here(hd0,2),2 should be your partition where linux installed.please check your partition number before change the number)


step 7:

reboot your system.


have fun with your new grub image window!.........

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